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概念

K8s集群对外暴露服务的方式目前只有三种:Loadbalancer;NodePort;Ingress

  • Loadbalancer 缺点:需要阿里云等公有云支持,而且需要额外支付费用
  • NodePort 缺点:要暴露端口,端口默认是 30000-32767
  • Ingress 好处:Ingress 不会公开任意端口或协议。可能就是带来一些学习成本,需要了解 Traefik 和 Nginx 的常用配置和反向代理。

一图看 Ingress 流程,由图可知,ingress 充当的是代理的角色,把外部来的请求,根据路由地址转发到k8s中匹配到的后端service,而且service又连接了deployment,一个deployment又跑了N个Pod,达到了流量转发的目的。

知识点:

  • 为了让 Ingress 资源工作,集群必须有一个正在运行的 Ingress Controller。
  • 可以在集群中部署任意数量的 ingress 控制器。 创建 ingress 时,应该使用适当的 ingress.class 注解每个 Ingress 以表明在集群中如果有多个 Ingress 控制器时,应该使用哪个 Ingress 控制器。
  • 比较流行的Ingress 控制器有nginx-ingress-controllerTraefik & Kubernetes
  • Traefik是用Go编写的边缘路由程序,自带UI界面,有反向代理,负载均衡,自动配置并SSL证书,最近很火,但是官方文档比较垃圾,配置很灵活,使用起来有些难度。

平台

  • MacOS 11.2.3
  • Docker Desktop 3.3.3
  • Docker Engine: 20.10.6
  • Kubernetes: v1.19.7

目前常用的K8S镜像库有

  • docker.io (docker hub公共镜像库)
  • gcr.io (Google container registry)
  • k8s.gcr.io (等同于 gcr.io/google-containers)
  • quay.io (Red Hat运营的镜像库)

k8s.gcr.io 被墙,拉image可能会失败而且阿里云啥的没有最新的镜像库,没办法,我是去docker hub找别人的。具体参见

步骤

  1. 本地启动docker,检查k8s版本,是1.19.7
  2. 版本 kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"19", GitVersion:"v1.19.7", GitCommit:"1dd5338295409edcfff11505e7bb246f0d325d15", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-13T13:23:52Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"darwin/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"19", GitVersion:"v1.19.7", GitCommit:"1dd5338295409edcfff11505e7bb246f0d325d15", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-13T13:15:20Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
  1. 安装NGINX Ingress Controller,打开官网

提示安装kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.46.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml

先浏览器打开https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.46.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yamlimage:

会搜到这个镜像地址k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.46.0@sha256:....

本地先尝试拉下docker pull k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.46.0... 发现失败,很简单,这个镜像地址被墙了,得找替换!

打开 docker hub 搜 ingress-nginx-controller, 只找到了最新的v0.45.0

猜测差距不大,把文件下载到并编辑器打开 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.45.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml

image: k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.45.0 替换为 image: willdockerhub/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.45.0

这步非常重要哦

  1. 我重命名为了v0.45.0-deploy.yaml接下来运行他! kubectl apply -f v0.45.0-deploy.yaml

验证一下

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -l app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx

kubectl describe pod

  1. 跑一个例子

准备文件,下载三个实例文件,镜像hashicorp/http-echo就是个http服务器

yaml
# apple.yaml 
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: apple-app
  labels:
    app: apple
spec:
  containers:
    - name: apple-app
      image: hashicorp/http-echo
      args:
        - "-text=apple"
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: apple-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: apple
  ports:
    - port: 5678 # Default port for image
yaml
# banana.yaml
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: banana-app
  labels:
    app: banana
spec:
  containers:
    - name: banana-app
      image: hashicorp/http-echo
      args:
        - "-text=banana"

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: banana-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: banana
  ports:
    - port: 5678 # Default port for image
yaml
# ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: example-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  rules:
  - host: ingress.finley.demo
    http:
      paths:
        - path: /apple
          backend:
            serviceName: apple-service
            servicePort: 5678
        - path: /banana
          backend:
            serviceName: banana-service
            servicePort: 5678

service不作解释。ingress就是定义一个地址,当访问/apple就调用apple-service中暴露的5678端口,而apple-service是为apple-app这个pod提供网络服务的

运行他们

 kubectl apply -f sample/apple.yaml 
 kubectl apply -f sample/banana.yaml 
 kubectl apply -f sample/ingress.yaml

注意ingress.yaml我配置的域名是ingress.finley.demo需要让本地访问

  1. 打开 /etc/hosts

添加127.0.0.1 ingress.finley.demo

  1. 见证奇迹时刻

浏览器打开 http://ingress.finley.demo/apple 页面显示 apple 浏览器打开 http://ingress.finley.demo/banana 页面显示 banana

其实ingress就是个代理功能,可以作为Service的统一网关入口

各个 Kubernetes Ingress Controllers 的对比: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/191WWNpjJ2za6-nbG4ZoUMXMpUK8KlCIosvQB0f-oq3k/htmlview

参考

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/191WWNpjJ2za6-nbG4ZoUMXMpUK8KlCIosvQB0f-oq3k/htmlview

https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/

https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/#docker-desktop

https://developer.aliyun.com/article/759310

https://juejin.cn/post/7038905185137066014

https://blog.csdn.net/mshxuyi/article/details/110210380